Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

set of models

  • 1 комплекс моделей

    1. set of models

     

    комплекс моделей
    Совокупность моделей, предназначенных для решения одной сложной задачи, каждая из которых описывает ту или иную сторону моделируемого объекта либо процесса на своем, соответствующем этой стороне «языке». Например, материально-вещественные аспекты отражаются в показателях натуральных объемов сырья, полуфабрикатов, продукции; финансовые аспекты — в ценностных показателях; трудовые — в трудовых. Если же модели связаны так, что результаты одних оказываются исходными данными для других и т.д. (более того, результаты решения последующих задач могут потребовать перерешения предшествующих, т.е. действуют обратные связи) до получения общего результата, то комплекс обращается в систему моделей.
    [ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > комплекс моделей

  • 2 комплекс моделей АСУ

    1. set of models in automated control system

     

    комплекс моделей АСУ
    Комплекс экономико-математических моделей, решающих во взаимной связи основные задачи управления в данной системе. Например, в К.м. автоматизированной системы управления предприятием могут входить модели прогнозирования основных показателей деятельности предприятия, оптимизации производственной программы, распределения годовой программы по кварталам и месяцам, а также модели работы отдельных цехов, планирования запасов и многие другие. Разработка такого К.м. — один из важнейших этапов создания любой автоматизированной системы управления.
    [ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > комплекс моделей АСУ

  • 3 комплект

    set, complement, outfit
    комплект действующий (напр. радиостанции) — issue complement
    комплект документации — documentation package, set of papers, set of documents
    комплект ЗИП (групповой, индивидуальный, одиночный) — SPTA set (group, individual, single)
    комплект монтажный (напр. антенны и т.д.) — installation kit
    комплект оборудования — set of equipment, equipment complement, equipment set
    ▪ The power pack of a radio set comprises 4 storage cells.
    комплект полный — complete set, complement
    комплект поставки — delivery set, standard equipment, list of delivered equipment, items of supplied outfit
    комплект промышленный радиостанции (включает действующий к., запасное и вспомогательное имущество) — Manufacturer's complement of a radio set (comprises the issue complement of the radio set, spares and auxiliaries)
    ▪ Repair kit: Generally refers to a group of parts issued together under one stock number for the reconditioning of a subassembly. Punctures in the aluminium skin of the electrical equipment shelter are patched with a repair kit.
    комплект технической документации — set of technical papers, set of technical documents
    в комплекте... не поставляется — not supplied as part of...
    ▪ The battery is not supplied us part of the radio set and must be requisitioned separately.
    заменять полностью (в комплекте с...) — to change complete with...
    ▪ Coils of transformers that have identical functions are interchangeable for all models if they are changed complete with tuning cores.
    поставляться в комплекте с... — to be supplied with..., completed with...

    Поставки машин и оборудования. Русско-английский словарь > комплект

  • 4 ejemplo

    m.
    1 example.
    es el vivo ejemplo del optimismo he's optimism personified
    dar ejemplo to set an example
    no des mal ejemplo a los niños don't set the children a bad example
    por ejemplo for example
    poner un ejemplo to give an example
    poner de ejemplo to give as an example
    predicar con el ejemplo to practice what one preaches
    servir de ejemplo to serve as an example
    2 object lesson.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: ejemplar.
    * * *
    1 example
    2 (modelo) model
    \
    dar ejemplo to set an example
    poner de ejemplo to give as an example
    por ejemplo for example, for instance
    servir de ejemplo to serve as an example
    tomar ejemplo de alguien to follow somebody's example
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=paradigma) example

    ¿puedes ponerme o darme un ejemplo? — can you give me an example?

    por ejemplo — for example, for instance

    poner como o de o por ejemplo — to give as an example

    2) (=modelo) example

    servir de o como ejemplo — to serve as an example

    * * *
    masculino example

    debería servirnos de or como ejemplo — it should serve as o should be an example to us

    predicar con el ejemplo — to set a good example, practice* what one preaches

    * * *
    = case study, example, instance, instantiation, manifestation, case history, showcase, showplace, token, role model, beacon.
    Ex. It is now time to turn to a case study, and this section is devoted to one indexing system in rather more depth.
    Ex. Examples are given in order to illustrate the points made above.
    Ex. In these instances a reference is not only shorter than an added entry, but removes the need to make multiple added entries.
    Ex. The system can then build an actual record as an instantiation of the category frame.
    Ex. The concepts introduced by the colon: (colon) may be manifestations of either Personality, Matter or Energy facets within a given compound.
    Ex. The librarian should remember that the literature contains many case histories where failure can be directly traced to neglect of this principle.
    Ex. This journal serves as a vehicle for the continuing education of librarians, as a showcase for current practice and as a spotlight for significant activities.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'From shambles to showplace'.
    Ex. In this case the data is the number of types, not tokens.
    Ex. In either case, library managers should recognise their own part in being role models for reference staffs.
    Ex. The British Library has recently been described as a ' beacon of excellence'.
    ----
    * a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.
    * citar como ejemplo = cite + as an example.
    * como ejemplo = as an example, by way of illustration.
    * como por ejemplo = such as, to the effect of.
    * con ejemplos = by example(s).
    * dar como ejemplo = cite + as an example.
    * dar ejemplo = set + an example, lead by + example.
    * dar ejemplo de = illustrate.
    * dar un ejemplo = give + example.
    * digamos por ejemplo = let us say, say.
    * ejemplo a imitar = role model.
    * ejemplo clásico = classical example.
    * ejemplo excelente = shining example.
    * ejemplo magnífico = shining example.
    * ejemplo más representativo = flagship.
    * ejemplo modélico = shining example.
    * ejemplo perfecto = perfect example.
    * ejemplos = exemplification.
    * ejemplos modelo = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * ejemplo sobresaliente = showpiece.
    * ejemplo típico = epitome, classical example, typical example.
    * ejemplo viviente = living example.
    * ilustrar con ejemplos = illustrate + by examples.
    * información a modo de ejemplo = sample data.
    * liderar con el ejemplo = lead by + example.
    * mostrar ejemplos = highlight + examples.
    * ofrecer un ejemplo = afford + example.
    * poner como ejemplo = instance, cite + as an example, showcase.
    * poner un ejemplo = take + an example, draw + example.
    * pongamos, por ejemplo,... = let us say, take, for example,..., take, for instance,....
    * por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.
    * por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.
    * por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.
    * predicar con el ejemplo = practise what + Pronombre + preach, walk + the talk, put + Posesivo + money where + Posesivo + mouth is.
    * seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.
    * seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.
    * seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.
    * ser un ejemplo = be a case in point.
    * tomar como ejemplo = take.
    * tomar ejemplo de = take + a lead from.
    * un ejemplo claro = a case in point.
    * véase como ejemplo = witness.
    * * *
    masculino example

    debería servirnos de or como ejemplo — it should serve as o should be an example to us

    predicar con el ejemplo — to set a good example, practice* what one preaches

    * * *
    = case study, example, instance, instantiation, manifestation, case history, showcase, showplace, token, role model, beacon.

    Ex: It is now time to turn to a case study, and this section is devoted to one indexing system in rather more depth.

    Ex: Examples are given in order to illustrate the points made above.
    Ex: In these instances a reference is not only shorter than an added entry, but removes the need to make multiple added entries.
    Ex: The system can then build an actual record as an instantiation of the category frame.
    Ex: The concepts introduced by the colon: (colon) may be manifestations of either Personality, Matter or Energy facets within a given compound.
    Ex: The librarian should remember that the literature contains many case histories where failure can be directly traced to neglect of this principle.
    Ex: This journal serves as a vehicle for the continuing education of librarians, as a showcase for current practice and as a spotlight for significant activities.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'From shambles to showplace'.
    Ex: In this case the data is the number of types, not tokens.
    Ex: In either case, library managers should recognise their own part in being role models for reference staffs.
    Ex: The British Library has recently been described as a ' beacon of excellence'.
    * a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.
    * citar como ejemplo = cite + as an example.
    * como ejemplo = as an example, by way of illustration.
    * como por ejemplo = such as, to the effect of.
    * con ejemplos = by example(s).
    * dar como ejemplo = cite + as an example.
    * dar ejemplo = set + an example, lead by + example.
    * dar ejemplo de = illustrate.
    * dar un ejemplo = give + example.
    * digamos por ejemplo = let us say, say.
    * ejemplo a imitar = role model.
    * ejemplo clásico = classical example.
    * ejemplo excelente = shining example.
    * ejemplo magnífico = shining example.
    * ejemplo más representativo = flagship.
    * ejemplo modélico = shining example.
    * ejemplo perfecto = perfect example.
    * ejemplos = exemplification.
    * ejemplos modelo = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * ejemplo sobresaliente = showpiece.
    * ejemplo típico = epitome, classical example, typical example.
    * ejemplo viviente = living example.
    * ilustrar con ejemplos = illustrate + by examples.
    * información a modo de ejemplo = sample data.
    * liderar con el ejemplo = lead by + example.
    * mostrar ejemplos = highlight + examples.
    * ofrecer un ejemplo = afford + example.
    * poner como ejemplo = instance, cite + as an example, showcase.
    * poner un ejemplo = take + an example, draw + example.
    * pongamos, por ejemplo,... = let us say, take, for example,..., take, for instance,....
    * por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.
    * por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.
    * por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.
    * predicar con el ejemplo = practise what + Pronombre + preach, walk + the talk, put + Posesivo + money where + Posesivo + mouth is.
    * seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.
    * seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.
    * seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.
    * ser un ejemplo = be a case in point.
    * tomar como ejemplo = take.
    * tomar ejemplo de = take + a lead from.
    * un ejemplo claro = a case in point.
    * véase como ejemplo = witness.

    * * *
    su valor debería servirnos de or como ejemplo his bravery should serve as o should be an example to us
    debes tomar a tu padre como ejemplo you should follow your father's example
    tienes que dar (el) ejemplo you have to set an example
    predicar con el ejemplo to set a good example, practice what one preaches
    ¿me puedes dar algún ejemplo? can you give me an example?
    otro ejemplo de su falta de principios another example of his lack of principles
    pongamos por ejemplo el caso de Elena let's take Elena's case as an example
    3
    por ejemplo for example
    supongamos, por ejemplo, que te quedas sin dinero let's suppose, for example, that you run out of money
    has cometido muchos errores — ¿por ejemplo? you've made a lot of mistakes — give me an example
    * * *

     

    ejemplo sustantivo masculino
    example;

    pongamos por ejemplo el caso de Elena let's take Elena's case as an example;
    por ejemplo for example
    ejemplo sustantivo masculino example: su madre es un ejemplo de honradez, his mother is a model of decency ♦ LOC dar ejemplo, to set an example: no das un buen ejemplo gritando a los niños, you're not setting a good example by shouting at the children
    por ejemplo, for example: visitaron grandes ciudades, por ejemplo El Cairo, they visited great cities like El Cairo

    ' ejemplo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    actual
    - ahorcarse
    - aleccionador
    - aleccionadora
    - ciudad
    - clásica
    - clásico
    - edificar
    - ej.
    - ilustración
    - misma
    - mismo
    - perdón
    - representar
    - sobrexplotación
    - concreto
    - demostrativo
    - Ej.
    - p. ej.
    - poner
    - por
    - rebuscado
    English:
    ablaze
    - actual
    - chaser
    - e.g.
    - engine driver
    - example
    - grope
    - illustration
    - instance
    - lead
    - model
    - money
    - picture
    - prime
    - set
    - specific
    - take
    - suit
    - type
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [caso ilustrativo] example;
    un ejemplo más de mala gestión empresarial another example of bad business management;
    déjenme que les dé un ejemplo allow me to give you an example;
    poner un ejemplo to give an example;
    póngame un ejemplo give me an example
    2. [modelo]
    nuestros vecinos son un ejemplo de amabilidad our neighbours are very kind;
    es el vivo ejemplo del optimismo he's optimism personified;
    dar ejemplo to set an example;
    no des mal ejemplo a los niños don't set the children a bad example;
    poner a alguien de ejemplo to give sb as an example;
    servir de ejemplo (a alguien) to be an example (to sb);
    toma ejemplo de tu hermano follow your brother's example
    ♦ por ejemplo loc adv
    1. [para ilustrar] for example, for instance;
    grandes ciudades, por ejemplo Nueva York o Londres big cities, for example New York or London
    2. [en respuestas]
    este trabajo tiene sus ventajas – ¿por ejemplo? this job has its advantages – such as?;
    Irónico
    podría prestarme el dinero un amigo, ¿no? – ¡por ejemplo! I could get a friend to lend me the money, don't you think? – dream on!
    * * *
    m example;
    dar buen ejemplo set a good example;
    por ejemplo for example;
    poner por ejemplo quote as an example;
    tomar ejemplo de alguien follow s.o.’s example;
    predicar con el ejemplo practice what one preaches
    * * *
    1) : example
    2)
    por ejemplo : for example
    3)
    dar ejemplo : to set an example
    * * *
    ejemplo n example

    Spanish-English dictionary > ejemplo

  • 5 абстрактный интерфейс службы связи

    1. ACSI
    2. abstract communication service interface

     

    абстрактный интерфейс службы связи
    Виртуальный интерфейс с интеллектуальным электронным устройством, предоставляющий логическим устройствам, логическим узлам, данным, атрибутам данных и услугам связи абстрактные методы информационного моделирования независимо от фактически применяемого стека связи и профилей.Примечание. К абстрактным методам информационного моделирования относятся: соединение, доступ к переменным, незатребованная передача данных, услуги по управлению устройством и передаче файлов.
    [ ГОСТ Р 54325-2011 (IEC/TS 61850-2:2003)]

    абстрактный интерфейс услуг связи
    -
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61850-7-2-2009]

    EN

    abstract communication service interface
    virtual interface to an IED providing abstract information modelling methods for logical devices, logical nodes, data, and data attributes, and communication services for example connection, variable access, unsolicited data transfer, device control and file transfer services, independent of the actual communication stack and profiles used
    [IEC 61850-2, ed. 1.0 (2003-08)]

    5 Обзор и основные концепции абстрактного интерфейса услуг связи (ACSI)

    5.1 Общие сведения

    Модели ACSI обеспечивают:

    - спецификацию базовой модели для определения специальных информационных моделей подстанции, рассмотренных в МЭК 61850-7-3 (общие классы данных DATA) и МЭК 61850-7-4 (совместимые классы логических узлов LOGICAL-NODE и совместимые классы данных DATA);

    - спецификацию моделей сервиса информационного обмена.

    Информационные модели и сервисы информационного обмена тесно переплетены. С описательной точки зрения эти два аспекта до некоторой степени разделены (см. фрагмент, показанный на рисунке 1). Общие модели (например, классы логических узлов LOGICAL-NODE и классы данных DATA, включающие их сервисы) применены в МЭК 61850-7-3 и МЭК 61850-7-4 для определения многих специализированных информационных моделей - моделей автоматизации подстанции.

     
    5690  

    Information exchange

    Обмен информацией

    Information models

    Модели информации

    Service models other than in LN and DATA (for example DATA-SET, Reporting, GOOSE)

    Модели сервиса, отличные от тех, что имеются в LN и DATA (например, DATA-SET, Reporting, GOOSE)

    ACSI Information exchange (IEC 61850-7-2)

    Обмен информацией ACSI (МЭК 61850-7-2)

    Compatible LOGICAL-NODE

    Совместимый логический узел

    Compatible DATA

    Совместимые данные

    Specializations

    Специализации

    LOGICAL-NODE

    Логический узел

    DATA Services

    Сервисы DATA

    LN services

    Сервисы LN

    ACSI basic information models (IEC 61850-7-2)

    Базовые информационные модели ACSI (МЭК 61850-7-2)

    Information models (IEC 61850-7-3; IEC 61850-7-4)

    Информационные модели (МЭК 61850-7-3; МЭК 61850-7-4)

    Real device

    Физическое устройство

    Рисунок 1 - Часть концептуальной модели

    5692

    LOGICAL-DEVICE

    Логическое устройство

    DATA

    Данные

    DataAttribute

    Атрибут данных

    LOGICAL-NODE

    Логический узел

    ObjectName

    Имя объекта

    ObjectReference

    Ссылка объекта

    SERVER

    СЕРВЕР

    Name

    Имя

    Примечание 2 - Классы - основные компоновочные блоки, обеспечивающие структуру для моделей устройств автоматизации подстанции. Дополнительные подробности по моделированию и связям между МЭК 61850-7-3, МЭК 61850-7-4 и настоящим стандартом можно найти в МЭК 61850-7-1.

    Примечание 3 - Цифры указывают соответствующие разделы в настоящем стандарте.
     
    Рисунок 2 - Базовая концептуальная модель класса ACSI

    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61850-7-2-2009]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > абстрактный интерфейс службы связи

  • 6 exposición

    f.
    1 exposition, show, display, exhibit.
    2 exposure, exposed position, exposition.
    Exposición al sol Exposure to the sun.
    3 exposé.
    4 exposition, dissertation.
    5 exposure.
    6 time exposure.
    7 libel, exposé.
    * * *
    1 (de arte) exhibition, show; (de mercancías) display
    2 (explicación) account, explanation; (hechos, ideas) exposé
    3 (al sol etc) exposure
    4 (fotografía) exposure
    5 (riesgo) risk
    \
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) exhibition, show
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=muestra) (Arte) exhibition; (Com) show, fair

    exposición itinerante — travelling show, traveling show (EEUU)

    2) (=acto) [gen] exposing, exposure; (Fot) exposure; (Com) display
    3) (=enunciado) [de hechos] statement; [de teoría] exposition

    exposición de motivos — (Jur) explanatory preamble

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( acción) exhibition, showing
    b) (muestra - de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (- de productos, maquinaria) show
    2) (de hechos, razones) statement, exposition (frml); (de tema, teoría) exposition (frml), presentation
    3) (al aire, sol) exposure; (Fot) exposure
    * * *
    = account, display, exhibition, exposition, exposure, show, exhibit, art show, viewing.
    Ex. In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.
    Ex. Special rules are includes for specific types of corporate bodies, such as exhibitions, conferences, subordinate and related bodies, governments bodies and officials, and radio and television stations.
    Ex. Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.
    Ex. The 1850s also saw the appearance of photolithography, whereby a chemical film spread on the surface of a litho stone or plate was rendered insoluble and water-repellent by exposure to light.
    Ex. Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.
    Ex. Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.
    Ex. The library provides a range of services to its community, including homebound service, story hours, film series, literacy tutoring, income tax assistance, art shows, to name a few.
    Ex. There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.
    ----
    * ajustar la exposición = adjust + exposure.
    * catálogo de exposición = exhibit catalogue, exhibition catalogue.
    * celebrar una exposición = hold + exhibition.
    * claridad de exposición = clarity of exposition.
    * en exposición = on exhibit, on show, on display.
    * exposición al sol = sun exposure.
    * exposición comercial = trade show, trade exhibition.
    * exposición de arte = art exhibit, art exhibition.
    * exposición de fotografías = photographic exhibition.
    * exposición de inauguración = opening exhibition.
    * exposición de libros = book display.
    * exposición de los hechos = statement of fact.
    * exposición de museo = museum exhibit.
    * exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.
    * exposiciones de fotografía = salon photography.
    * exposición fotográfica = photographic exhibition, photo gallery.
    * exposición indecente = indecent exposure.
    * exposición itinerante = travelling exhibition.
    * inauguración de la exposición = exhibition opening.
    * industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.
    * montar una exposición = mount + display, mount + exhibition, put on + display, put on + exhibition.
    * participante en la exposición comercial = exhibitor.
    * sala de exposiciones = exhibition room, exhibit hall.
    * sala de exposición y venta = show room [showroom].
    * salón de exposición y ventas = salesroom [saleroom].
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( acción) exhibition, showing
    b) (muestra - de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (- de productos, maquinaria) show
    2) (de hechos, razones) statement, exposition (frml); (de tema, teoría) exposition (frml), presentation
    3) (al aire, sol) exposure; (Fot) exposure
    * * *
    = account, display, exhibition, exposition, exposure, show, exhibit, art show, viewing.

    Ex: In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.

    Ex: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.
    Ex: Special rules are includes for specific types of corporate bodies, such as exhibitions, conferences, subordinate and related bodies, governments bodies and officials, and radio and television stations.
    Ex: Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.
    Ex: The 1850s also saw the appearance of photolithography, whereby a chemical film spread on the surface of a litho stone or plate was rendered insoluble and water-repellent by exposure to light.
    Ex: Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.
    Ex: Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.
    Ex: The library provides a range of services to its community, including homebound service, story hours, film series, literacy tutoring, income tax assistance, art shows, to name a few.
    Ex: There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.
    * ajustar la exposición = adjust + exposure.
    * catálogo de exposición = exhibit catalogue, exhibition catalogue.
    * celebrar una exposición = hold + exhibition.
    * claridad de exposición = clarity of exposition.
    * en exposición = on exhibit, on show, on display.
    * exposición al sol = sun exposure.
    * exposición comercial = trade show, trade exhibition.
    * exposición de arte = art exhibit, art exhibition.
    * exposición de fotografías = photographic exhibition.
    * exposición de inauguración = opening exhibition.
    * exposición de libros = book display.
    * exposición de los hechos = statement of fact.
    * exposición de museo = museum exhibit.
    * exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.
    * exposiciones de fotografía = salon photography.
    * exposición fotográfica = photographic exhibition, photo gallery.
    * exposición indecente = indecent exposure.
    * exposición itinerante = travelling exhibition.
    * inauguración de la exposición = exhibition opening.
    * industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.
    * montar una exposición = mount + display, mount + exhibition, put on + display, put on + exhibition.
    * participante en la exposición comercial = exhibitor.
    * sala de exposiciones = exhibition room, exhibit hall.
    * sala de exposición y venta = show room [showroom].
    * salón de exposición y ventas = salesroom [saleroom].

    * * *
    A
    1 (acción) exhibition, showing
    2 (muestra — de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (— de productos, maquinaria) show
    una exposición itinerante a traveling exhibition
    Compuestos:
    dog show
    trade fair
    trade fair
    world fair
    B (de hechos, razones) statement, setting out, exposition ( frml); (de un tema, una teoría) exposition ( frml), presentation
    hizo una exposición detallada de lo ocurrido she gave a detailed account of what had happened
    C
    1 (al aire, sol) exposure
    2 ( Fot) exposure
    * * *

     

    exposición sustantivo femenino
    1

    b) ( muestra — de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition;

    (— de productos, maquinaria) show
    2 (de hechos, razones) statement;
    (de tema, teoría) presentation
    3 (al aire, sol) exposure;
    (Fot) exposure
    exposición sustantivo femenino
    1 Arte exhibition
    exposición universal, world fair
    2 (de un argumento, proyecto) account: me hizo una breve exposición de lo que había pasado, he gave a short account of what happened
    3 Fot exposure
    ' exposición' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    caseta
    - desarrollo
    - discurso
    - granada
    - granado
    - pabellón
    - planteamiento
    - salón
    - sede
    - albergar
    - alegato
    - auspiciar
    - circuito
    - concurrido
    - conjunto
    - didáctico
    - feria
    - inaugurar
    - informe
    - montar
    - muestra
    - panel
    - relación
    - surrealista
    - urna
    English:
    auspice
    - display
    - draw
    - exhibit
    - exhibition
    - exposition
    - exposure
    - opening
    - show
    - showroom
    - stand
    - statement
    - dog
    - on
    - retrospective
    - sales
    - speed
    * * *
    1. [de arte] exhibition;
    [de objetos en vitrina] display; [de máquinas, aparatos, herramientas] show, fair; exposición universal international exposition o exhibition, US world's fair
    2. [de teoría] exposition;
    [de tema] presentation; [de ideas, propuesta] setting out, explanation; [de argumentos, razones] setting out, statement;
    ofreció una detallada exposición de los hechos she gave a detailed account of the events
    3. [al sol, calor, radiaciones] exposure
    4. Fot exposure
    5. Mús exposition
    * * *
    f exhibition
    * * *
    1) exhibición: exposition, exhibition
    2) : exposure
    3) : presentation, statement
    * * *
    1. (de arte) exhibition

    Spanish-English dictionary > exposición

  • 7 reprender

    v.
    1 to tell off (a niños).
    2 to reprehend, to admonish, to scold, to bawl out.
    María reprocha a su esposo Mary reproaches her husband.
    * * *
    1 to reprimand, scold
    * * *
    VT (=amonestar) to reprimand, tell off *; [+ niño] to scold
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to scold, tell... off (colloq)
    * * *
    = set about, rebuke, reprimand, chide, censure, slap + Nombre + down, admonish, upbraid, castigate, chastise, berate, scold, tell + Nombe + off, slap + Nombre + on the wrist, get at.
    Ex. I shall not quickly forget being halted in full flight by the explosive entrance of a lecturer who, without pause for reflection or apology, set about an unfortunate student for not being at a tutorial.
    Ex. By this later period pressmen in England were despised as mere 'horses', the 'great guzzlers of beer' who were rebuked by the young Benjamin Franklin for their mindless intemperance.
    Ex. At the next division and department head meeting, Kobitsky was reprimanded and told that she should learn to be an administrator and conduct herself accordingly = En la siguiente reunión de directores de división y departamento, Kobitsky fue amonestada y se le dijo que debería aprender a ser una administradora y actuar consecuentemente.
    Ex. Some authors of papers lament the lack of a philosophy and gently chide librarians for the 'simplicity of their pragmatism'.
    Ex. This agreement must build in incentives to participating libraries as well as methods of censuring those participants which do not fulfil their obligations to the other participating libraries in the network = Este acuerdo debe incorporar incentivos para las bibliotecas participantes así cómo la forma de llamarle la atención a aquellos participantes que no cumplan sus obligaciones con las otras bibliotecas de la red.
    Ex. Not to put too fine a point on this, and slap me down if I am being rude, but from the questions you are asking I do not think you are ready for a project of this scope.
    Ex. For nearly half a century librarians have been admonished to use history as a means to prevent mistakes and solve problems.
    Ex. The generalists upbraid the vocationalists for promoting mere 'training' for work that may quickly become obsolete rather than 'education' for a career with a future.
    Ex. In his report, one of the few really inspiring documents to have come out of librarianship, McColvin castigated the standards of cataloguing and classification he found.
    Ex. The profession should cease practising the amateurism for which it chastises employers who have untrained persons trying to function as librarians.
    Ex. Unfortunately, many of the writers are simply berating the current situation, holding to rather ancient models of mass culture.
    Ex. Deciding whether an unruly child has something wrong in his genes or is just full of beans may determine whether he's scolded or offered remedial education.
    Ex. Teachers should tackle bad behaviour in class by praising their pupils instead of telling them off, according to research published today.
    Ex. After he was allegedly caught using steroids and slapped on the wrist he stopped using them and his ranking plummeted.
    Ex. If you're always getting at them for smaller things, they won't know when they're really doing something wrong.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to scold, tell... off (colloq)
    * * *
    = set about, rebuke, reprimand, chide, censure, slap + Nombre + down, admonish, upbraid, castigate, chastise, berate, scold, tell + Nombe + off, slap + Nombre + on the wrist, get at.

    Ex: I shall not quickly forget being halted in full flight by the explosive entrance of a lecturer who, without pause for reflection or apology, set about an unfortunate student for not being at a tutorial.

    Ex: By this later period pressmen in England were despised as mere 'horses', the 'great guzzlers of beer' who were rebuked by the young Benjamin Franklin for their mindless intemperance.
    Ex: At the next division and department head meeting, Kobitsky was reprimanded and told that she should learn to be an administrator and conduct herself accordingly = En la siguiente reunión de directores de división y departamento, Kobitsky fue amonestada y se le dijo que debería aprender a ser una administradora y actuar consecuentemente.
    Ex: Some authors of papers lament the lack of a philosophy and gently chide librarians for the 'simplicity of their pragmatism'.
    Ex: This agreement must build in incentives to participating libraries as well as methods of censuring those participants which do not fulfil their obligations to the other participating libraries in the network = Este acuerdo debe incorporar incentivos para las bibliotecas participantes así cómo la forma de llamarle la atención a aquellos participantes que no cumplan sus obligaciones con las otras bibliotecas de la red.
    Ex: Not to put too fine a point on this, and slap me down if I am being rude, but from the questions you are asking I do not think you are ready for a project of this scope.
    Ex: For nearly half a century librarians have been admonished to use history as a means to prevent mistakes and solve problems.
    Ex: The generalists upbraid the vocationalists for promoting mere 'training' for work that may quickly become obsolete rather than 'education' for a career with a future.
    Ex: In his report, one of the few really inspiring documents to have come out of librarianship, McColvin castigated the standards of cataloguing and classification he found.
    Ex: The profession should cease practising the amateurism for which it chastises employers who have untrained persons trying to function as librarians.
    Ex: Unfortunately, many of the writers are simply berating the current situation, holding to rather ancient models of mass culture.
    Ex: Deciding whether an unruly child has something wrong in his genes or is just full of beans may determine whether he's scolded or offered remedial education.
    Ex: Teachers should tackle bad behaviour in class by praising their pupils instead of telling them off, according to research published today.
    Ex: After he was allegedly caught using steroids and slapped on the wrist he stopped using them and his ranking plummeted.
    Ex: If you're always getting at them for smaller things, they won't know when they're really doing something wrong.

    * * *
    reprender [E1 ]
    vt
    to scold, tell … off ( colloq)
    reprendió a los niños por jugar con la pelota en la calle she scolded the children o told the children off for playing ball in the street
    * * *

    reprender ( conjugate reprender) verbo transitivo
    to scold, tell … off (colloq)
    reprender verbo transitivo to reprimand, scold, tell off
    ' reprender' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    amonestar
    English:
    reprehend
    - reprimand
    - reprove
    - task
    - berate
    - chastise
    - rebuke
    - scold
    - up
    * * *
    [a niños] to tell off; [a empleados] to reprimand
    * * *
    v/t scold, tell off fam
    * * *
    : to reprimand, to scold
    * * *
    reprender vb to tell off [pt. & pp. told]

    Spanish-English dictionary > reprender

  • 8 Grammar

       I think that the failure to offer a precise account of the notion "grammar" is not just a superficial defect in linguistic theory that can be remedied by adding one more definition. It seems to me that until this notion is clarified, no part of linguistic theory can achieve anything like a satisfactory development.... I have been discussing a grammar of a particular language here as analogous to a particular scientific theory, dealing with its subject matter (the set of sentences of this language) much as embryology or physics deals with its subject matter. (Chomsky, 1964, p. 213)
       Obviously, every speaker of a language has mastered and internalized a generative grammar that expresses his knowledge of his language. This is not to say that he is aware of the rules of grammar or even that he can become aware of them, or that his statements about his intuitive knowledge of his language are necessarily accurate. (Chomsky, 1965, p. 8)
       Much effort has been devoted to showing that the class of possible transformations can be substantially reduced without loss of descriptive power through the discovery of quite general conditions that all such rules and the representations they operate on and form must meet.... [The] transformational rules, at least for a substantial core grammar, can be reduced to the single rule, "Move alpha" (that is, "move any category anywhere"). (Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 21)
       4) The Relationship of Transformational Grammar to Semantics and to Human Performance
       he implications of assuming a semantic memory for what we might call "generative psycholinguistics" are: that dichotomous judgments of semantic well-formedness versus anomaly are not essential or inherent to language performance; that the transformational component of a grammar is the part most relevant to performance models; that a generative grammar's role should be viewed as restricted to language production, whereas sentence understanding should be treated as a problem of extracting a cognitive representation of a text's message; that until some theoretical notion of cognitive representation is incorporated into linguistic conceptions, they are unlikely to provide either powerful language-processing programs or psychologically relevant theories.
       Although these implications conflict with the way others have viewed the relationship of transformational grammars to semantics and to human performance, they do not eliminate the importance of such grammars to psychologists, an importance stressed in, and indeed largely created by, the work of Chomsky. It is precisely because of a growing interdependence between such linguistic theory and psychological performance models that their relationship needs to be clarified. (Quillian, 1968, p. 260)
       here are some terminological distinctions that are crucial to explain, or else confusions can easily arise. In the formal study of grammar, a language is defined as a set of sentences, possibly infinite, where each sentence is a string of symbols or words. One can think of each sentence as having several representations linked together: one for its sound pattern, one for its meaning, one for the string of words constituting it, possibly others for other data structures such as the "surface structure" and "deep structure" that are held to mediate the mapping between sound and meaning. Because no finite system can store an infinite number of sentences, and because humans in particular are clearly not pullstring dolls that emit sentences from a finite stored list, one must explain human language abilities by imputing to them a grammar, which in the technical sense is a finite rule system, or programme, or circuit design, capable of generating and recognizing the sentences of a particular language. This "mental grammar" or "psychogrammar" is the neural system that allows us to speak and understand the possible word sequences of our native tongue. A grammar for a specific language is obviously acquired by a human during childhood, but there must be neural circuitry that actually carries out the acquisition process in the child, and this circuitry may be called the language faculty or language acquisition device. An important part of the language faculty is universal grammar, an implementation of a set of principles or constraints that govern the possible form of any human grammar. (Pinker, 1996, p. 263)
       A grammar of language L is essentially a theory of L. Any scientific theory is based on a finite number of observations, and it seeks to relate the observed phenomena and to predict new phenomena by constructing general laws in terms of hypothetical constructs.... Similarly a grammar of English is based on a finite corpus of utterances (observations), and it will contain certain grammatical rules (laws) stated in terms of the particular phonemes, phrases, etc., of English (hypothetical constructs). These rules express structural relations among the sentences of the corpus and the infinite number of sentences generated by the grammar beyond the corpus (predictions). (Chomsky, 1957, p. 49)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Grammar

  • 9 Stringfellow, John

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 6 December 1799 Sheffield, England
    d. 13 December 1883 Chard, England
    [br]
    English inventor and builder of a series of experimental model aeroplanes.
    [br]
    After serving an apprenticeship in the lace industry, Stringfellow left Nottingham in about 1820 and moved to Chard in Somerset, where he set up his own business. He had wide interests such as photography, politics, and the use of electricity for medical treatment. Stringfellow met William Samuel Henson, who also lived in Chard and was involved in lacemaking, and became interested in his "aerial steam carriage" of 1842–3. When support for this project foundered, Henson and Stringfellow drew up an agreement "Whereas it is intended to construct a model of an Aerial Machine". They built a large model with a wing span of 20 ft (6 m) and powered by a steam engine, which was probably the work of Stringfellow. The model was tested on a hillside near Chard, often at night to avoid publicity, but despite many attempts it never made a successful flight. At this point Henson emigrated to the United States. From 1848 Stringfellow continued to experiment with models of his own design, starting with one with a wing span of 10 ft (3m). He decided to test it in a disused lace factory, rather than in the open air. Stringfellow fitted a horizontal wire which supported the model as it gained speed prior to free flight. Unfortunately, neither this nor later models made a sustained flight, despite Stringfellow's efficient lightweight steam engine. For many years Stringfellow abandoned his aeronautical experiments, then in 1866 when the (Royal) Aeronautical Society was founded, his interest was revived. He built a steam-powered triplane, which was demonstrated "flying" along a wire at the world's first Aeronautical Exhibition, held at Crystal Palace, London, in 1868. Stringfellow also received a cash prize for one of his engines, which was the lightest practical power unit at the Exhibition. Although Stringfellow's models never achieved a really successful flight, his designs showed the way for others to follow. Several of his models are preserved in the Science Museum in London.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the (Royal) Aeronautical Society 1868.
    Bibliography
    Many of Stringfellow's letters and papers are held by the Royal Aeronautical Society, London.
    Further Reading
    Harald Penrose, 1988, An Ancient Air: A Biography of John Stringfellow, Shrewsbury. A.M.Balantyne and J.Laurence Pritchard, 1956, "The lives and work of William Samuel Henson and John Stringfellow", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (June) (an attempt to analyse conflicting evidence).
    M.J.B.Davy, 1931, Henson and Stringfellow, London (an earlier work with excellent drawings from Henson's patent).
    "The aeronautical work of John Stringfellow, with some account of W.S.Henson", Aeronau-tical Classics No. 5 (written by John Stringfellow's son and held by the Royal Aeronautical Society in London).
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Stringfellow, John

  • 10 Language

       Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)
       It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)
       It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)
       Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)
       It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)
       [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]
       Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it
       Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another
       LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)
       We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)
       We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.
       The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)
       9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language
       The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)
       It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)
       In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)
       In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)
       [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)
       he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.
       The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)
       The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.
       But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)
       The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)
        t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)
       A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)
       Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)
       It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)
       First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....
       Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)
       If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)
        23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction
       Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)
       By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)
       Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language

  • 11 almacén

    m.
    1 store, establishment, shop, department store.
    2 storehouse, depository, warehouse, depot.
    3 grocery, grocery store, grocery shop, bodega.
    4 grocer, grocery, grocer's shop.
    * * *
    1 (local) warehouse, storehouse
    2 (habitación) storeroom
    1 department store sing
    \
    grandes almacenes department store sing
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) [de mercancías] warehouse, store

    tener algo en almacén — (=de reserva) to have sth in store; (Com) to stock sth

    almacén depositario — (Com) depository

    2) (Mec, Mil) magazine
    3) (=tienda) shop, store

    almacenes, grandes almacenes — department store sing

    4) LAm (=tienda de comestibles) grocer's (shop)
    * * *
    a) ( depósito) warehouse
    b) (CS) ( de comestibles) grocery store (AmE), grocer's (shop) (BrE)
    c) (AmC, Col, Ven) (de ropa, etc) store (AmE), shop (BrE)
    d) ( de mayorista) wholesaler's
    e) almacenes masculino plural department store
    * * *
    = storehouse, warehouse, storeroom [store-room], storing room, depot, stockroom, storage facility, storage room.
    Ex. The first alternative views the library as a storehouse for cultural materials, a reservoir of significant books.
    Ex. Our warehouse shelter a 13 metre high, 60 ton ammonia retort and a 37 metre wingspan airliner.
    Ex. Mathematical models are presented that describe the diffusion of gaseous pollutants from the air in a storeroom into protective containers and the reaction with the documents lying in them.
    Ex. It is unlikely for libraries in poor countries to set up a special building or storing room and finance its maintenance.
    Ex. The depot buys the books for the schools and passes on to them some of the discount it receives by buying direct from the publishers.
    Ex. Among the causes of damage to archival records, temperature, moisture content, and pollution of the air in stockrooms play an important role.
    Ex. Due to a seasonal demand, when the storage facility is full this product has to be dumped into the quarry using dumpers.
    Ex. All storage rooms where flammable liquids are stored should have restricted access and be properly identified.
    ----
    * almacén de libros = book-warehouse.
    * almacén de maderas = lumberyard, timber yard.
    * almacén de papelería = stationery store.
    * almacén frigorífico = freezer warehouse.
    * encargado del almacén = warehouse keeper, warehouseman [warehousemen, pl.].
    * grandes almacenes = department store.
    * * *
    a) ( depósito) warehouse
    b) (CS) ( de comestibles) grocery store (AmE), grocer's (shop) (BrE)
    c) (AmC, Col, Ven) (de ropa, etc) store (AmE), shop (BrE)
    d) ( de mayorista) wholesaler's
    e) almacenes masculino plural department store
    * * *
    = storehouse, warehouse, storeroom [store-room], storing room, depot, stockroom, storage facility, storage room.

    Ex: The first alternative views the library as a storehouse for cultural materials, a reservoir of significant books.

    Ex: Our warehouse shelter a 13 metre high, 60 ton ammonia retort and a 37 metre wingspan airliner.
    Ex: Mathematical models are presented that describe the diffusion of gaseous pollutants from the air in a storeroom into protective containers and the reaction with the documents lying in them.
    Ex: It is unlikely for libraries in poor countries to set up a special building or storing room and finance its maintenance.
    Ex: The depot buys the books for the schools and passes on to them some of the discount it receives by buying direct from the publishers.
    Ex: Among the causes of damage to archival records, temperature, moisture content, and pollution of the air in stockrooms play an important role.
    Ex: Due to a seasonal demand, when the storage facility is full this product has to be dumped into the quarry using dumpers.
    Ex: All storage rooms where flammable liquids are stored should have restricted access and be properly identified.
    * almacén de libros = book-warehouse.
    * almacén de maderas = lumberyard, timber yard.
    * almacén de papelería = stationery store.
    * almacén frigorífico = freezer warehouse.
    * encargado del almacén = warehouse keeper, warehouseman [warehousemen, pl.].
    * grandes almacenes = department store.

    * * *
    1 (depósito) warehouse
    2 (CS) (de comestibles) grocery store ( AmE), grocer's (shop) ( BrE)
    3 (AmC, Col, Ven) (de ropa, etc) store ( AmE), shop ( BrE)
    4 (de mayorista) wholesaler's
    5 almacenes mpl department store grande1 (↑ grande (1))
    Compuesto:
    (CS) general store
    * * *

     

    almacén sustantivo masculino


    c) (AmC, Col, Ven) (de ropa, etc) store (AmE), shop (BrE)


    e)

    ◊ almacenes sustantivo masculino plural

    department store
    almacén sustantivo masculino
    1 (depósito de mercancías) warehouse
    2 (tienda de venta al por mayor) wholesaler's
    3 LAm (tienda de comestibles) grocer's shop
    4 Com (grandes) almacenes, department store sing
    ' almacén' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    nave
    - pajar
    - bodega
    - depósito
    - galpón
    - polvorín
    English:
    arsenal
    - bonded warehouse
    - cash-and-carry
    - depot
    - ex
    - repository
    - stack
    - store
    - timber-yard
    - warehouse
    - woodshed
    - general
    - grocer
    - grocery
    - lumber
    - stock
    * * *
    1. [para guardar] warehouse
    almacén frigorífico refrigerated storehouse;
    almacén de mercancías Br goods o US freight depot
    2. [tienda] store, shop;
    (grandes) almacenes department store
    3. Andes, RP [de alimentos] grocer's (shop), grocery store
    4. CAm [de ropa] clothes shop
    * * *
    m
    1 warehouse
    2 ( tienda) store, Br
    shop;
    grandes almacenes pl department store sg
    3 Andes, Rpl
    grocery store, Br
    grocer’s
    * * *
    almacén nm, pl - cenes
    1) bodega: warehouse, storehouse
    2) tienda: shop, store
    3)
    gran almacén Spain : department store
    * * *
    1. (edificio) warehouse
    2. (habitación) storeroom

    Spanish-English dictionary > almacén

  • 12 decorativo

    adj.
    decorative, fancy, ornamental.
    * * *
    1 decorative, ornamental
    \
    estar de figura decorativa familiar to be mere decoration
    ser una figura decorativa familiar to be mere decoration
    * * *
    (f. - decorativa)
    adj.
    * * *
    * * *
    - va adjetivo decorative
    * * *
    Ex. Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.
    ----
    * accesorio decorativo = ornamental fitting.
    * artes decorativas, las = decorative arts, the.
    * figura decorativa = figurehead.
    * tipo decorativo = display type.
    * vidriera decorativa = stained glass.
    * * *
    - va adjetivo decorative
    * * *

    Ex: Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.

    * accesorio decorativo = ornamental fitting.
    * artes decorativas, las = decorative arts, the.
    * figura decorativa = figurehead.
    * tipo decorativo = display type.
    * vidriera decorativa = stained glass.

    * * *
    decorative
    * * *

    decorativo
    ◊ -va adjetivo

    decorative
    decorativo,-a adjetivo decorative

    ' decorativo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    decorativa
    - detalle
    - lazo
    - pasador
    English:
    decorative
    - ornamental
    * * *
    decorativo, -a adj
    decorative
    * * *
    adj decorative
    * * *
    decorativo, -va adj
    : decorative, ornamental

    Spanish-English dictionary > decorativo

  • 13 difusión

    f.
    diffusion, pervasion, broadcasting, dissemination.
    * * *
    1 (de luz, calor) diffusion
    2 figurado (de noticia, enfermedad, etc) spreading
    3 RADIO broadcast, broadcasting
    \
    tener gran difusión to be widely known, be widespread
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de calor, luz] diffusion
    2) [de noticia, teoría] dissemination, spreading
    3) (Periodismo) [de programa] broadcasting; [de periódico] circulation, readership figures pl
    * * *
    femenino (de noticia, rumor) spreading; (de ideas, doctrina) spreading, diffusion (frml)
    * * *
    = dissemination, projection, spread, airing, propagation, diffusion, spreading.
    Ex. An indexing system is a set of prescribed procedures for organising the contents of records of knowledge or documents for the purposes of retrieval and dissemination.
    Ex. The current practice of promotion and projection of public library services tends to be amateurish, piecemeal, unsustained and difficult to evaluate.
    Ex. With the spread of video equipment, an increasing number of visual media with local history content have come into being.
    Ex. To achieve a full airing of concerns, librarians must work to overcome the unfavorable odds against the individual's access to unpopular or anti-establishment views.
    Ex. As part of an imported culture libraries may be associated with influences undermining traditional values and self-confidence and with the propagation of negative values such as consumerism.
    Ex. Mathematical models are presented that describe the diffusion of gaseous pollutants from the air in a storeroom into protective containers and the reaction with the documents lying in them.
    Ex. The greatest boost to the spreading of knowledge through vastly increased book production was the invention of woodblock printing which was well developed by the late 9th century.
    ----
    * difusión de información = information provision, provision of information, dissemination of information.
    * difusión de la información = information diffusion, information dissemination.
    * difusión de rumores = rumour mongering.
    * difusión electrónica de documentos (DED) = electronic document delivery (EDD).
    * difusión por radio y televisión = broadcast, broadcasting.
    * difusión selectiva de la información = SDI (selective dissemination of information).
    * servicio de difusión selectiva de la información = SDI service.
    * * *
    femenino (de noticia, rumor) spreading; (de ideas, doctrina) spreading, diffusion (frml)
    * * *
    = dissemination, projection, spread, airing, propagation, diffusion, spreading.

    Ex: An indexing system is a set of prescribed procedures for organising the contents of records of knowledge or documents for the purposes of retrieval and dissemination.

    Ex: The current practice of promotion and projection of public library services tends to be amateurish, piecemeal, unsustained and difficult to evaluate.
    Ex: With the spread of video equipment, an increasing number of visual media with local history content have come into being.
    Ex: To achieve a full airing of concerns, librarians must work to overcome the unfavorable odds against the individual's access to unpopular or anti-establishment views.
    Ex: As part of an imported culture libraries may be associated with influences undermining traditional values and self-confidence and with the propagation of negative values such as consumerism.
    Ex: Mathematical models are presented that describe the diffusion of gaseous pollutants from the air in a storeroom into protective containers and the reaction with the documents lying in them.
    Ex: The greatest boost to the spreading of knowledge through vastly increased book production was the invention of woodblock printing which was well developed by the late 9th century.
    * difusión de información = information provision, provision of information, dissemination of information.
    * difusión de la información = information diffusion, information dissemination.
    * difusión de rumores = rumour mongering.
    * difusión electrónica de documentos (DED) = electronic document delivery (EDD).
    * difusión por radio y televisión = broadcast, broadcasting.
    * difusión selectiva de la información = SDI (selective dissemination of information).
    * servicio de difusión selectiva de la información = SDI service.

    * * *
    (de una noticia, un rumor) spreading; (de ideas, una doctrina) spreading, diffusion ( frml)
    se ha dado amplia difusión al conflicto the conflict has been given widespread coverage
    un libro de mucha difusión entre los jóvenes a book which is widely read among the young
    * * *

     

    difusión sustantivo femenino (de noticia, rumor) spreading;
    (de ideas, doctrina, cultura) spreading, diffusion (frml);

    difusión sustantivo femenino
    1 (de noticias, rumores) spreading, circulation: la difusión de su teoría es nula, his theory is not widely known
    2 Rad TV broadcasting
    3 Fís Quím diffusion

    ' difusión' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    extensión
    - generalización
    - nacional
    English:
    democracy
    - spread
    * * *
    1. [de noticia, rumor] spreading;
    [de religión, ideología] spread, dissemination; [de cultura, costumbres] spreading, diffusion;
    el evento tuvo enorme difusión en la prensa escrita the event received extensive press coverage
    2. [por radio, televisión] broadcasting;
    3. [de epidemia, olor, calor] spread;
    [de sonido, ondas] diffusion, spread
    4. [de periódico, revista] circulation
    * * *
    f spread(ing)
    * * *
    difusión nf, pl - siones
    1) : spreading
    2) : diffusion (of heat, etc.)
    3) : broadcast, broadcasting
    los medios de difusión: the media

    Spanish-English dictionary > difusión

  • 14 exhibición

    f.
    1 exhibition, exposition, show, display.
    2 payment of an installment.
    3 partial payment for stock subscription.
    * * *
    1 (exposición) exhibition, show
    2 CINEMATOGRAFÍA showing
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) exhibition, show
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=demostración) show, display

    exhibición folklórica — folk festival, display of folk-dancing etc

    2) (Cine) showing
    3) (Dep) exhibition, display
    4) Méx (Com) payment of an instalment o (EEUU) installment
    * * *
    a) ( demostración) display

    haciendo exhibición de su fuerza — showing off o displaying his strength

    b) (de cuadros, artefactos) exhibition, display
    c) (Cin) screening, showing
    * * *
    = showcase, show, exhibit.
    Ex. This journal serves as a vehicle for the continuing education of librarians, as a showcase for current practice and as a spotlight for significant activities.
    Ex. Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.
    Ex. Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.
    ----
    * adiestramiento ecuestre de exhibición = dressage.
    * doma de exhibición = dressage.
    * doma ecuestre de exhibición = dressage.
    * * *
    a) ( demostración) display

    haciendo exhibición de su fuerza — showing off o displaying his strength

    b) (de cuadros, artefactos) exhibition, display
    c) (Cin) screening, showing
    * * *
    = showcase, show, exhibit.

    Ex: This journal serves as a vehicle for the continuing education of librarians, as a showcase for current practice and as a spotlight for significant activities.

    Ex: Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.
    Ex: Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.
    * adiestramiento ecuestre de exhibición = dressage.
    * doma de exhibición = dressage.
    * doma ecuestre de exhibición = dressage.

    * * *
    1 (demostración) display
    haciendo exhibición de su fuerza showing off o displaying his strength
    una exhibición de gimnasia a gymnastics display
    2 (de cuadros, artefactos) exhibition, display
    estar en exhibición to be on show o display, to be exhibited
    no dejes la ropa interior en exhibición ( hum); don't leave your underwear lying around for all the world to see ( colloq)
    3 ( Cin) screening, showing
    * * *

    exhibición sustantivo femenino

    b) (de cuadros, artefactos) exhibition, display;

    ◊ estar en exhibición to be on show o display

    exhibición sustantivo femenino
    1 (demostración) exhibition, display
    2 (de una película, espectáculo) showing, performance
    ' exhibición' also found in these entries:
    English:
    demo
    - display
    - exhibit
    - grandiose
    * * *
    1. [demostración] show, display;
    hicieron una exhibición de fuerza they gave a show of strength;
    el equipo dio una auténtica exhibición the team put on a magnificent performance
    2. [artística] exhibition;
    una exhibición de objetos precolombinos an exhibition of pre-Columbian artefacts
    3. [deportiva] exhibition;
    una exhibición de billar artístico an exhibition of artistic billiards
    4. [de películas] showing
    * * *
    f
    1 display, demonstration
    2 de película screening, showing
    * * *
    1) : exhibition, show
    2) : showing
    * * *
    1. (en general) display
    2. (de deporte, baile) demonstration

    Spanish-English dictionary > exhibición

  • 15 flujo de caja

    (n.) = cash flow
    Ex. Spreadsheet programs allow the manager to set up mathematical models of various aspects of the organization such as cash flow and production rates.
    * * *
    (n.) = cash flow

    Ex: Spreadsheet programs allow the manager to set up mathematical models of various aspects of the organization such as cash flow and production rates.

    * * *
    cashflow

    Spanish-English dictionary > flujo de caja

  • 16 movimientos de efectivos

    (n.) = cash flow
    Ex. Spreadsheet programs allow the manager to set up mathematical models of various aspects of the organization such as cash flow and production rates.
    * * *
    (n.) = cash flow

    Ex: Spreadsheet programs allow the manager to set up mathematical models of various aspects of the organization such as cash flow and production rates.

    Spanish-English dictionary > movimientos de efectivos

  • 17 salón de exposición y ventas

    (n.) = salesroom [saleroom]
    Ex. Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.
    * * *
    (n.) = salesroom [saleroom]

    Ex: Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.

    Spanish-English dictionary > salón de exposición y ventas

  • 18 tasa de producción

    Ex. Spreadsheet programs allow the manager to set up mathematical models of various aspects of the organization such as cash flow and production rates.
    * * *

    Ex: Spreadsheet programs allow the manager to set up mathematical models of various aspects of the organization such as cash flow and production rates.

    Spanish-English dictionary > tasa de producción

  • 19 número

    m.
    1 number, amount, quantity, sum.
    2 number, numeral, Arabic numeral, cipher.
    3 size, number.
    4 issue, copy, number.
    5 act, number.
    * * *
    1 (gen) number
    2 (de una publicación) number, issue
    ■ ¿qué número calzas? what's your shoe size?, what size shoe do you take?
    5 (de lotería) lottery ticket number
    7 LINGÚÍSTICA number
    8 familiar scene
    \
    en números redondos in round figures
    en números rojos in the red
    hacer números to do the figures
    montar un número familiar to make a scene
    pedir número to take a numbered ticket
    ser el número uno to be the number one
    ser miembro de número to be a full member
    sin número (edificio) unnumbered 2 (en abundancia) countless
    número arábigo Arabic numeral
    número atrasado back number
    número de matrícula registration number, US license number
    número de serie serial number
    número entero whole number
    número extraordinario (en prensa) special edition, special issue
    número impar odd number
    número ordinal ordinal number
    número par even number
    número primo prime number
    número romano Roman numeral
    * * *
    noun m.
    4) size
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Mat) number

    volver a números negros — to get back into the black, return to profitability

    • de número, miembro de número — full member

    profesor de número — tenured teacher, teacher with a permanent post

    • echar o hacer números — * to do one's sums, number-crunch

    • sin número, calle Aribau, sin número — Aribau street, no number

    número binario — (Inform) binary number

    número de identificación fiscal — ID number used for tax purposes

    número de lote — batch number, batch code

    número de matrícula — (Aut) registration number

    número de teléfono — telephone number, phone number

    número dos — (lit) number two

    el número dos del partido — the second in command of the party, the party's number two

    número personal de identificación — (=clave) personal identification number

    para mí, Sinatra será siempre el número uno — for me Sinatra will always be number one

    el jugador número uno de su país — the number one player in his country, the top player in his country

    2) [de zapatos] size
    3) [de periódico, revista] number, issue

    número cero — dummy number, dummy run

    número extraordinario — special edition, special issue

    4) (=billete de lotería) ticket
    5) (Teat) act, number
    6) (Gram) number
    7) (Mil) man; (=soldado raso) private; (=policía) policeman
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Mat) number

    problemas sin número — innumerable o countless problems

    en números redondos — in round numbers

    b) ( de zapatos) size

    ¿qué número calzas? — what size shoe do you take?

    c) ( billete de lotería) lottery ticket
    2) (Espec) act

    montar un/el número — (Esp fam) to kick up a fuss (colloq)

    3) ( de publicación) issue
    * * *
    = extent, incidence, issue, number, numeral, percentage, tally [tallies, pl.], scale.
    Ex. The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.
    Ex. The number of entries in pre-co-ordinate system will depend upon the incidence of references and multiple entries.
    Ex. This is an issue devoted in part to papers presented at the conference arranged and hosted by the State Library of New South Wales.
    Ex. The headings will be arranged according to the filing sequence of the notation (for example, alphabetically for letters or numerically for numbers).
    Ex. Records can be retrieved by character strings (that is, sequences of letters and numerals).
    Ex. But those institutions, and I am referring particularly to public libraries, serve a very large percentage of the nation's library users.
    Ex. As the various parts of the record are entered, the document summary indicates the additions by the tallies opposite the record parts.
    Ex. I have a feeling that all our old technologies are getting progressively more expensive and more inefficient, and that all our new technologies are getting progressively cheaper and more efficient because of questions of scale.
    ----
    * acción de marcar un número = dialling.
    * admitir un número de reservas mayor a las plazas existentes = overbook.
    * área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.
    * aumentar en número = grow in + numbers, increase in + numbers.
    * base de un número = subscript numeral.
    * colorear por números = paint by + numbers.
    * con el número = numbered.
    * con un gran número de lectores = widely-read.
    * cuadrar números = add up + figures.
    * el mismo número = as many.
    * en el mismo número de años = in as many years.
    * enemigo público número uno = public enemy number one.
    * en grandes números = in record numbers.
    * en gran número = numerously.
    * en números redondos = in round figures.
    * en números reducidos = in small numbers.
    * en un número cada vez mayor = in increasing numbers.
    * exceder en número = outnumber.
    * exponente de un número = superscript numeral.
    * ficha de número de registro = accessions card.
    * gran número de = great numbers of.
    * integridad de los números = integrity of numbers.
    * línea de números = number line.
    * marcar un número de teléfono = dial + number.
    * montar un número = kick up + a fuss, kick up + a stink, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row.
    * nº (número) + Número = # (number) + Número, no. (number) + Número.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * número actual = current issue.
    * Número + al año = Número + annually.
    * Número + al día = Número + a day.
    * número anterior = backrun, back issue.
    * número aproximado = ballpark number.
    * número arábigo = Arabic numeral.
    * número atrasado = back issue, back copy.
    * número binario = binary digit.
    * Número + cada año = Número + annually.
    * número cada vez mayor = rising numbers.
    * número capicúo = palindrome.
    * número consecutivo = running number.
    * número de adquisiciones = acquisition rate.
    * número de alumnos matriculados = enrolment [enrollment, -USA].
    * Número + de ancho = Número + wide.
    * número de aprobados = pass rate.
    * número de asientos = seating.
    * número de bibliografía nacional = national record number.
    * número de búsquedas fallidas = failure rate.
    * número decimal = decimal number.
    * número de citas = number of citations.
    * número de clasificación = class mark [classmark], class number, classification number, rank number.
    * número de control = control number.
    * número de documentos devueltos a los estantes = shelving statistics.
    * número de ejemplar = copy number.
    * número de emergencia = hotline [hot-line].
    * número de exportaciones = export figures.
    * número de fascículo = issue number.
    * número de identificación = ID number (identification number).
    * número de identificación del documento = library registration number.
    * número de intentos fallidos = failure rate.
    * número de la bibliografía nacional = national bibliographic record number.
    * número de la búsqueda = set number.
    * Número + de largo = Número + long.
    * número de la tarjeta de crédito = credit card number.
    * número del documento = document identification number, document number.
    * número de lector = borrower number.
    * número del editor = publisher's number (música).
    * número de matrícula = registration number, car registration number.
    * número de modelo = model number.
    * número de muertos = death toll.
    * número de opus = opus number.
    * número de orden = rank number.
    * número de páginas = pagination.
    * número de palabras = wordage.
    * número de participantes = turnout.
    * número de pedido = order number.
    * número de plancha = plate number.
    * número de préstamo = charging number.
    * número de préstamos = circulation figures.
    * número de publicaciones = publication count.
    * número de referencia del documento = document reference number.
    * número de referencias = number of citations.
    * número de registro = accession number, card number.
    * número de relación = linking number.
    * número de respuestas recibidas = response rate, rate of response.
    * número de serie = serial number.
    * número de solicitudes denegadas = failure rate.
    * número de suspensos = failure rate.
    * número de tarjeta de proceso = transaction card number.
    * número de teléfono = phone number, telephone number, dial-up number, dial-up number, dial-up number.
    * número de teléfono de llamada gratuita = toll free telephone number, toll-free number.
    * número de teléfono que no está incluido en el directorio telefónico = unlisted telephone number.
    * número de tema = thematic index number.
    * número determinado de = nth.
    * número de víctimas = death toll.
    * número de volumen = volume number.
    * número entero = integer.
    * número entero positivo = positive integer.
    * Número + en total = Número + in number.
    * número equivocado = wrong number.
    * número especial = special issue, special number.
    * número identificado de un ordenador en una red = network address.
    * número impar = odd number.
    * número indicador de materia = SIN, Subject Indicator Number.
    * Número Internacional Normalizado para Libros (ISBN) = ISBN (International Standard Book Number).
    * Número Internacional Normalizado para Publicaciones Seriadas (ISSN) = ISSN (International Standard Serial Number).
    * número limitado de alumnos matriculados = limited enrolment.
    * número mágico = magic number.
    * número matriz = master number.
    * número monográfico = thematic issue.
    * número nacional de identificación bibliográfica = national bibliography number.
    * número normalizado = standard number.
    * número ordinal = ordinal, ordinal number.
    * número par = even number.
    * número pin = PIN (personal identification number), PIN number.
    * Número + por ciento = by + factor of + Número, Número + percentage points.
    * número reclamado = claimed issue.
    * número romano = roman numeral.
    * números recientes de las revistas = current journals.
    * número total = head count.
    * número trascendente = transcendental number.
    * número trece = thirteenth.
    * número uno = number one.
    * Número + vez = Número + time.
    * número y distribución de personal = staffing conditions.
    * ordenación por número curren = accession order, accession order, arrangement by accession number.
    * ordenado por número de clasificación = in class number order.
    * ordenar por número curren = arrange by + accession number.
    * PIN (número de identificación personal) = PIN (personal identification number).
    * poner a + Número = set to + Número.
    * procesador de números = number cruncher.
    * redondear al número entero más cercano = round up to + the nearest whole number.
    * sección de últimos números de publicaciones periódicas = current periodicals area.
    * ser de número limitado = be limited in number.
    * superar en número = outnumber.
    * tarifa por el número de operaciones = volume-based tariff.
    * último número, el = latest issue, the.
    * una gran número de = a broad variety of.
    * un buen número de = a good number of.
    * un cierto número de = a number of.
    * un gran número de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a plethora of, a wide range of, a full roster of, a fair number of, a great number of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a vast corpus of.
    * un número cada vez mayor = growing numbers.
    * un número cada vez mayor de = a growing number of, a growing body of.
    * un número de = a series of.
    * un número reducido de = a residue of, a small number of.
    * un número variado de + Nombre = any number of + Nombre.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Mat) number

    problemas sin número — innumerable o countless problems

    en números redondos — in round numbers

    b) ( de zapatos) size

    ¿qué número calzas? — what size shoe do you take?

    c) ( billete de lotería) lottery ticket
    2) (Espec) act

    montar un/el número — (Esp fam) to kick up a fuss (colloq)

    3) ( de publicación) issue
    * * *
    = extent, incidence, issue, number, numeral, percentage, tally [tallies, pl.], scale.

    Ex: The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.

    Ex: The number of entries in pre-co-ordinate system will depend upon the incidence of references and multiple entries.
    Ex: This is an issue devoted in part to papers presented at the conference arranged and hosted by the State Library of New South Wales.
    Ex: The headings will be arranged according to the filing sequence of the notation (for example, alphabetically for letters or numerically for numbers).
    Ex: Records can be retrieved by character strings (that is, sequences of letters and numerals).
    Ex: But those institutions, and I am referring particularly to public libraries, serve a very large percentage of the nation's library users.
    Ex: As the various parts of the record are entered, the document summary indicates the additions by the tallies opposite the record parts.
    Ex: I have a feeling that all our old technologies are getting progressively more expensive and more inefficient, and that all our new technologies are getting progressively cheaper and more efficient because of questions of scale.
    * acción de marcar un número = dialling.
    * admitir un número de reservas mayor a las plazas existentes = overbook.
    * área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.
    * aumentar en número = grow in + numbers, increase in + numbers.
    * base de un número = subscript numeral.
    * colorear por números = paint by + numbers.
    * con el número = numbered.
    * con un gran número de lectores = widely-read.
    * cuadrar números = add up + figures.
    * el mismo número = as many.
    * en el mismo número de años = in as many years.
    * enemigo público número uno = public enemy number one.
    * en grandes números = in record numbers.
    * en gran número = numerously.
    * en números redondos = in round figures.
    * en números reducidos = in small numbers.
    * en un número cada vez mayor = in increasing numbers.
    * exceder en número = outnumber.
    * exponente de un número = superscript numeral.
    * ficha de número de registro = accessions card.
    * gran número de = great numbers of.
    * integridad de los números = integrity of numbers.
    * línea de números = number line.
    * marcar un número de teléfono = dial + number.
    * montar un número = kick up + a fuss, kick up + a stink, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row.
    * nº (número) + Número = \# (number) + Número, no. (number) + Número.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * número actual = current issue.
    * Número + al año = Número + annually.
    * Número + al día = Número + a day.
    * número anterior = backrun, back issue.
    * número aproximado = ballpark number.
    * número arábigo = Arabic numeral.
    * número atrasado = back issue, back copy.
    * número binario = binary digit.
    * Número + cada año = Número + annually.
    * número cada vez mayor = rising numbers.
    * número capicúo = palindrome.
    * número consecutivo = running number.
    * número de adquisiciones = acquisition rate.
    * número de alumnos matriculados = enrolment [enrollment, -USA].
    * Número + de ancho = Número + wide.
    * número de aprobados = pass rate.
    * número de asientos = seating.
    * número de bibliografía nacional = national record number.
    * número de búsquedas fallidas = failure rate.
    * número decimal = decimal number.
    * número de citas = number of citations.
    * número de clasificación = class mark [classmark], class number, classification number, rank number.
    * número de control = control number.
    * número de documentos devueltos a los estantes = shelving statistics.
    * número de ejemplar = copy number.
    * número de emergencia = hotline [hot-line].
    * número de exportaciones = export figures.
    * número de fascículo = issue number.
    * número de identificación = ID number (identification number).
    * número de identificación del documento = library registration number.
    * número de intentos fallidos = failure rate.
    * número de la bibliografía nacional = national bibliographic record number.
    * número de la búsqueda = set number.
    * Número + de largo = Número + long.
    * número de la tarjeta de crédito = credit card number.
    * número del documento = document identification number, document number.
    * número de lector = borrower number.
    * número del editor = publisher's number (música).
    * número de matrícula = registration number, car registration number.
    * número de modelo = model number.
    * número de muertos = death toll.
    * número de opus = opus number.
    * número de orden = rank number.
    * número de páginas = pagination.
    * número de palabras = wordage.
    * número de participantes = turnout.
    * número de pedido = order number.
    * número de plancha = plate number.
    * número de préstamo = charging number.
    * número de préstamos = circulation figures.
    * número de publicaciones = publication count.
    * número de referencia del documento = document reference number.
    * número de referencias = number of citations.
    * número de registro = accession number, card number.
    * número de relación = linking number.
    * número de respuestas recibidas = response rate, rate of response.
    * número de serie = serial number.
    * número de solicitudes denegadas = failure rate.
    * número de suspensos = failure rate.
    * número de tarjeta de proceso = transaction card number.
    * número de teléfono = phone number, telephone number, dial-up number, dial-up number, dial-up number.
    * número de teléfono de llamada gratuita = toll free telephone number, toll-free number.
    * número de teléfono que no está incluido en el directorio telefónico = unlisted telephone number.
    * número de tema = thematic index number.
    * número determinado de = nth.
    * número de víctimas = death toll.
    * número de volumen = volume number.
    * número entero = integer.
    * número entero positivo = positive integer.
    * Número + en total = Número + in number.
    * número equivocado = wrong number.
    * número especial = special issue, special number.
    * número identificado de un ordenador en una red = network address.
    * número impar = odd number.
    * número indicador de materia = SIN, Subject Indicator Number.
    * Número Internacional Normalizado para Libros (ISBN) = ISBN (International Standard Book Number).
    * Número Internacional Normalizado para Publicaciones Seriadas (ISSN) = ISSN (International Standard Serial Number).
    * número limitado de alumnos matriculados = limited enrolment.
    * número mágico = magic number.
    * número matriz = master number.
    * número monográfico = thematic issue.
    * número nacional de identificación bibliográfica = national bibliography number.
    * número normalizado = standard number.
    * número ordinal = ordinal, ordinal number.
    * número par = even number.
    * número pin = PIN (personal identification number), PIN number.
    * Número + por ciento = by + factor of + Número, Número + percentage points.
    * número reclamado = claimed issue.
    * número romano = roman numeral.
    * números recientes de las revistas = current journals.
    * número total = head count.
    * número trascendente = transcendental number.
    * número trece = thirteenth.
    * número uno = number one.
    * Número + vez = Número + time.
    * número y distribución de personal = staffing conditions.
    * ordenación por número curren = accession order, accession order, arrangement by accession number.
    * ordenado por número de clasificación = in class number order.
    * ordenar por número curren = arrange by + accession number.
    * PIN (número de identificación personal) = PIN (personal identification number).
    * poner a + Número = set to + Número.
    * procesador de números = number cruncher.
    * redondear al número entero más cercano = round up to + the nearest whole number.
    * sección de últimos números de publicaciones periódicas = current periodicals area.
    * ser de número limitado = be limited in number.
    * superar en número = outnumber.
    * tarifa por el número de operaciones = volume-based tariff.
    * último número, el = latest issue, the.
    * una gran número de = a broad variety of.
    * un buen número de = a good number of.
    * un cierto número de = a number of.
    * un gran número de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a plethora of, a wide range of, a full roster of, a fair number of, a great number of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a vast corpus of.
    * un número cada vez mayor = growing numbers.
    * un número cada vez mayor de = a growing number of, a growing body of.
    * un número de = a series of.
    * un número reducido de = a residue of, a small number of.
    * un número variado de + Nombre = any number of + Nombre.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Mat) number
    vive en el número 15 she lives at number 15
    el número premiado es el 10895 the winning number is (number) 10895
    pagó una suma de seis números he paid a six figure sum
    el gran número de respuestas recibidas the large number of replies received
    problemas sin número innumerable o countless problems
    en números redondos in round numbers
    estar en números rojos ( fam); to be in the red ( colloq)
    tengo la cuenta en números rojos my account is o I'm in the red ( colloq)
    hacer números to do one's arithmetic o ( BrE) sums
    ¿qué número calzas? what size shoe do you take?
    3 (billete de lotería) lottery ticket
    Compuestos:
    random number
    Arabic numeral
    atomic number
    binary number
    cardinal number
    complex number
    decimal
    vehicle identification number
    account number
    fax number
    identity number
    (de persona) identity number; (de producto) identification number
    ● número de identificación fiscal or tributaria
    tax identity number, taxpayer ID ( AmE), Unique Taxpayer Reference ( BrE)
    PIN number, Personal Identification Number
    (en Esp) national identity card number
    mass number
    license number ( AmE), registration number ( BrE)
    serial number
    telephone number
    flight number
    whole number
    fraction
    odd number
    mixed number
    ordinal number
    even number
    perfect number
    prime number
    real number
    Roman numeral
    es el número uno de su clase he's top of o the best in his class
    el número uno egipcio the Egyptian leader
    B ( Espec) act
    un excelente número cómico an excellent comedy act o ( BrE) turn
    montar un/el número ( Esp fam); to kick up a fuss ( colloq)
    el número del mes de mayo the May issue o edition
    un número especial or extraordinario a special issue o edition
    números atrasados back numbers o issues
    E ( Esp frml) (policía) officer, constable ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo numerar: ( conjugate numerar)

    numero es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    numeró es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    numerar    
    número
    numerar ( conjugate numerar) verbo transitivo
    to number
    número sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (Mat) number;


    número de matrícula license number (AmE), registration number (BrE);
    número de serie serial number;
    número de teléfono/fax phone/fax number;
    una suma de seis números a six figure sum;
    problemas sin número innumerable o countless problems

    ◊ ¿qué número calzas? what size shoe do you take?


    2
    a) (Espec) act


    numerar verbo transitivo to number
    número sustantivo masculino
    1 number: me equivoqué al escribir el último número, I made a mistake writting the last figure
    soy el número tres de la lista, I'm third on the list
    número de teléfono, telephone number
    número par/impar, even/odd number
    un buen número de personas, a large number of people
    2 (de una revista) number, issue
    número atrasado, back number
    3 (de calzado) size
    4 (de un espectáculo) sketch, act
    5 familiar montar un número, to make a scene
    6 (billete de juego de azar) ticket: tengo un número de lotería de Navidad, I have a Christmas lottery ticket
    ♦ Locuciones: números rojos, in the red: mi cuenta está en números rojos, my account is in the red
    ' número' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acrecentar
    - acrobacia
    - aforo
    - arábiga
    - arábigo
    - atrasada
    - atrasado
    - cabeza
    - calzar
    - cantidad
    - capicúa
    - cardinal
    - cifra
    - espectáculo
    - espuma
    - herida
    - herido
    - imaginaria
    - imaginario
    - indeterminada
    - indeterminado
    - matrícula
    - n.º
    - núm.
    - otra
    - otro
    - par
    - pasada
    - pasado
    - plato
    - premiada
    - premiado
    - prima
    - primo
    - quedarse
    - redonda
    - redondo
    - referencia
    - repetida
    - repetido
    - rey
    - salir
    - serie
    - superior
    - teléfono
    - terminación
    - abundar
    - buscar
    - ciento
    - cinco
    English:
    accurate
    - act
    - admission
    - alarming
    - Arabic numeral
    - army
    - back
    - copy
    - death toll
    - dial
    - eight
    - even
    - exact
    - fascism
    - flock
    - grand finale
    - grand total
    - growth
    - intake
    - integer
    - issue
    - licence number
    - low
    - lucky
    - membership
    - myriad
    - N
    - no.
    - number
    - numeral
    - O
    - odd
    - one
    - ordinal
    - outnumber
    - over
    - poll
    - prime
    - registration number
    - round
    - round down
    - round up
    - routine
    - scene
    - serial
    - size
    - special
    - stock up
    - strength
    - strong
    * * *
    1. [signo] number;
    mi número de la suerte my lucky number;
    en números rojos in the red;
    hacer números to reckon up;
    ser el número uno to be number one;
    [en lista de éxitos] to top the charts;
    fue el número uno de su promoción he was the best in his year;
    el número dos del partido republicano the number two o second in command of the Republican Party;
    sin número [muchos] countless, innumerable;
    un sin número de modelos diferentes countless o innumerable different models
    número de afiliación a la seguridad social Br national insurance number, US social security number;
    número atómico atomic number;
    número binario binary number;
    número cardinal cardinal number;
    número complejo complex number;
    número complementario [en lotería] = complementary number, Br ≈ bonus ball;
    número de cuenta account number;
    número entero whole number, integer;
    Fot número f f number;
    número de fax fax number;
    número impar odd number;
    Informát número IP IP number;
    número irracional irrational number;
    número de matrícula [de vehículo] Br registration number, US license number;
    [de alumno] matriculation number;
    número natural natural number;
    número ordinal ordinal number;
    número par even number;
    número primo prime number;
    número quebrado fraction;
    número racional rational number;
    número redondo round number;
    número de referencia reference number;
    Informát número de registro registration number;
    número romano Roman numeral;
    número de serie serial number;
    número de sucursal [de banco] sort code;
    número de teléfono telephone number
    2. [tamaño, talla] size;
    ¿qué número calzas? what size shoe are you?, what size shoe do you take?
    3. [de publicación] issue, number
    número atrasado back number;
    número extraordinario special edition o issue
    4. [de lotería] ticket
    5. Gram number
    6. [de espectáculo] turn, number;
    Esp Fam
    montar el número to make o cause a scene
    7. Esp [de policía] officer
    8. Rel
    Números Numbers
    * * *
    m
    1 number;
    un gran número de a large number of;
    sin número countless;
    ser el número uno be number one, be the best;
    en números redondos in round figures;
    en números rojos fig in the red;
    hacer números fam add up the figures, Br
    do one’s sums
    2 de publicación issue
    3 de zapato size
    4
    :
    montar un número fam make a scene
    5
    :
    de número socio full; empleado, profesor permanent; catedrático tenured
    * * *
    1) : number
    número impar: odd number
    número ordinal: ordinal number
    número arábico: Arabic numeral
    número quebrado: fraction
    2) : issue (of a publication)
    3)
    sin número : countless
    * * *
    1. (en general) number
    2. (de calzado) size
    ¿qué número calzas? what size do you take in shoes?
    4. (espectáculo) act / number

    Spanish-English dictionary > número

  • 20 Parsons, Sir Charles Algernon

    [br]
    b. 13 June 1854 London, England
    d. 11 February 1931 on board Duchess of Richmond, Kingston, Jamaica
    [br]
    English eingineer, inventor of the steam turbine and developer of the high-speed electric generator.
    [br]
    The youngest son of the Earl of Rosse, he came from a family well known in scientific circles, the six boys growing up in an intellectual atmosphere at Birr Castle, the ancestral home in Ireland, where a forge and large workshop were available to them. Charles, like his brothers, did not go to school but was educated by private tutors of the character of Sir Robert Ball, this type of education being interspersed with overseas holiday trips to France, Holland, Belgium and Spain in the family yacht. In 1871, at the age of 17, he went to Trinity College, Dublin, and after two years he went on to St John's College, Cambridge. This was before the Engineering School had opened, and Parsons studied mechanics and mathematics.
    In 1877 he was apprenticed to W.G.Armstrong \& Co. of Elswick, where he stayed for four years, developing an epicycloidal engine that he had designed while at Cambridge. He then moved to Kitson \& Co. of Leeds, where he went half shares in a small experimental shop working on rocket propulsion for torpedoes.
    In 1887 he married Katherine Bethell, who contracted rheumatic fever from early-morning outdoor vigils with her husband to watch his torpedo experiments while on their honeymoon! He then moved to a partnership in Clarke, Chapman \& Co. at Gateshead. There he joined the electrical department, initially working on the development of a small, steam-driven marine lighting set. This involved the development of either a low-speed dynamo, for direct coupling to a reciprocating engine, or a high-speed engine, and it was this requirement that started Parsons on the track of the steam turbine. This entailed many problems such as the running of shafts at speeds of up to 40,000 rpm and the design of a DC generator for 18,000 rpm. He took out patents for both the turbine and the generator on 23 April 1884. In 1888 he dissolved his partnership with Clarke, Chapman \& Co. to set up his own firm in Newcastle, leaving his patents with the company's owners. This denied him the use of the axial-flow turbine, so Parsons then designed a radial-flow layout; he later bought back his patents from Clarke, Chapman \& Co. His original patent had included the use of the steam turbine as a means of marine propulsion, and Parsons now set about realizing this possibility. He experimented with 2 ft (61 cm) and 6 ft (183 cm) long models, towed with a fishing line or, later, driven by a twisted rubber cord, through a single-reduction set of spiral gearing.
    The first trials of the Turbinia took place in 1894 but were disappointing due to cavitation, a little-understood phenomenon at the time. He used an axial-flow turbine of 2,000 shp running at 2,000 rpm. His work resulted in a far greater understanding of the phenomenon of cavitation than had hitherto existed. Land turbines of up to 350 kW (470 hp) had meanwhile been built. Experiments with the Turbinia culminated in a demonstration which took place at the great Naval Review of 1897 at Spithead, held to celebrate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. Here, the little Turbinia darted in and out of the lines of heavy warships and destroyers, attaining the unheard of speed of 34.5 knots. The following year the Admiralty placed their first order for a turbine-driven ship, and passenger vessels started operation soon after, the first in 1901. By 1906 the Admiralty had moved over to use turbines exclusively. These early turbines had almost all been direct-coupled to the ship's propeller shaft. For optimum performance of both turbine and propeller, Parsons realized that some form of reduction gearing was necessary, which would have to be extremely accurate because of the speeds involved. Parsons's Creep Mechanism of 1912 ensured that any errors in the master wheel would be distributed evenly around the wheel being cut.
    Parsons was also involved in optical work and had a controlling interest in the firm of Ross Ltd of London and, later, in Sir Howard Grubb \& Sons. He he was an enlightened employer, originating share schemes and other benefits for his employees.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted. Order of Merit 1927.
    Further Reading
    A.T.Bowden, 1966, "Charles Parsons: Purveyor of power", in E.G.Semler (ed.), The Great Masters. Engineering Heritage, Vol. II, London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers/Heinemann.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Parsons, Sir Charles Algernon

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • Models of neural computation — are attempts to elucidate, in an abstract and mathematical fashion, the core principles that underlie information processing in biological nervous systems, or functional components thereof. This article aims to provide an overview of the most… …   Wikipedia

  • Set-through neck — (or Set thru neck) is a method of joining the neck and the body of guitar (or similar stringed instrument), effectively combining bolt on , set in and neck through methods. It involves:* A pocket in the instrument s body for insertion of neck, as …   Wikipedia

  • Models Inc. — Models Inc. Title card Genre Drama Soap opera Created by Charles Pratt, Jr. Frank South …   Wikipedia

  • Set theory of the real line — is an area of mathematics concerned with the application of set theory to aspects of the real numbers. For example, one knows that all countable sets of reals are null, i.e. have Lebesgue measure 0; one might therefore ask the least possible size …   Wikipedia

  • Set-in neck — is a method of guitar (or similar stringed instrument) construction that involves joining guitar neck and body, pressing them tightly together using some sort of adhesive. It is a common belief that this yields a stronger body to neck connection… …   Wikipedia

  • Models of collaborative tagging — Many have argued that social tagging or collaborative tagging systems can provide navigational cues or “way finders” [1][2] for other users to explore information. The notion is that, given that social tags are labels that users create to… …   Wikipedia

  • Set theory — This article is about the branch of mathematics. For musical set theory, see Set theory (music). A Venn diagram illustrating the intersection of two sets. Set theory is the branch of mathematics that studies sets, which are collections of objects …   Wikipedia

  • set theory — the branch of mathematics that deals with relations between sets. [1940 45] * * * Branch of mathematics that deals with the properties of sets. It is most valuable as applied to other areas of mathematics, which borrow from and adapt its… …   Universalium

  • Models of DNA evolution — A number of different Markov models of DNA sequence evolution have been proposed. These substitution models differ in terms of the parameters used to describe the rates at which one nucleotide replaces another during evolution. These models are… …   Wikipedia

  • Models of migration to the New World — There are several popular models of migration to the New World proposed by the anthropological community. The question of how, when and why humans first entered the Americas is of intense interest to anthropologists and has been a subject of… …   Wikipedia

  • Models of scientific inquiry — In the philosophy of science, models of scientific inquiry have two functions: first, to provide a descriptive account of how scientific inquiry is carried out in practice, and second, to provide an explanatory account of why scientific inquiry… …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»